How do you decide when to stop the roast ? Once, I asked roaster Morten Riiskjær this question. He said by smell. The smell of onion has to be over before stopping.
He has been roasting coffee for 7 years. I visited him in the roastery to try to pick up what he could smell during a roast. He also looks at the bean surface.
Hear Morten talk about it in episode 2 in the podcast Coffee Roasting Navigated http://coffeenavigated.net/podcast/2-roasting-by-smell/
And here a video with an american roaster who also use the smell during First Crack, Eliza from Mill City Roasters:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSVLVwQUacc&feature=push-lbss&attr_tag=g2vFzL_dTGaDiUJa-6
Morten and his roaster – on the day we recorded for episode 2: